Referensi Bahasa Inggris Lengkap: Clause

Noun Clause

Noun Clause adalah Clause yang digunakan sebagai pengganti noun atau berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda). Selain Noun Clause ini, sebenarnya masih ada clause lainnya seperti Adverb Clause dan Adjective Clause. Klasifikasi Noun Clause adalah: <h3>I. Statement</h3> Conjunction yang dipakai adalah “that“. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai: <ul> 	<li>Kangaroo lives in Australia (statement) <ul> 	<li>That Kangaroo lives is Australia is well known to all (Noun Clause) –> Subjek Kalimat</li> 	<li>It is well known to all that Kangaroo lives in Australia –> Subjek Kalimat Setelah “IT”</li> 	<li>My conclusion is that Kangaroo lives in Australia –> Objek Pelengkap</li> 	<li>All people understand well that Kangaroo lives in Australia –> Objek Kata Kerja</li> 	<li>My conclusion that Kangaroo lives is Australia is correct. –> Apositif</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>II. Question</h3> A. Yes/No Question Conjunction yang dipakai adalah “whether (or not/or if)” dan Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai: <ul> 	<li>Can she drive the car? (Question) <ul> 	<li>Whether she can drive the car doesn’t concern me. (Noun Clause) –> Subjek Kalimat = Whether or not she can drive the car doesn’t concern me. (Noun Clause) = Whether she can drive the car or not doesn’t concern me. (Noun Clause) = Whether or if she can drive the car doesn’t concern me. (Noun Clause)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <ul> 	<li>My question is whether she can drive the car. –> Objek Pelengkap</li> 	<li>I really wonder whether she can drive the car (or not). –> Objek Kata Kerja</li> 	<li>We discussed about whether she can drive the car. –> Objek Kata Depan</li> </ul> </ul> B. Wh- Question Conjunction yang dipakai adalah “kata Tanya itu sendiri” dan Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai: <ul> 	<li>What is he doing? (Question) <ul> 	<li>What she is doing doesn’t concern me. (Noun Clause) –> Subjek Kalimat </li> 	<li>My question is what she is doing. –> Objek Pelengkap</li> 	<li>I really wonder what she is doing. –> Objek Kata Kerja</li> 	<li>We discussed about what she is doing. –> Objek Kata Depan</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Catatan: Posisi kembali normal, tidak seperti posisi sebuah pertanyaan normal. <h3>III. Request</h3> Conjunction yang dipakai adalah “that” dan  Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai: <ul> 	<li>Read the book! (Request) <ul> 	<li>He suggested that I read the book. (Noun Clause) –> Objek Kata Kerja</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Catatan: Tanda seru hilang. <h3>IV. Exclamation</h3> Conjunction yang dipakai adalah “kata Tanya yang dipakai pada kalimat itu sendiri” dan  Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai: <ul> 	<li>What a pretty girl she is? (Exclamation) <ul> 	<li>I never realize what a pretty girl she is. (Noun Clause) –> Objek Kata Kerja</li> 	<li>We are talking about what a pretty girl she is. –> Objek Kata Depan</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Catatan: <ul> 	<li>Noun Clause dengan “that” digunakan sebagai subjek dari suatu kalimat hanya dengan kata kerja tertentu. Dan kata kerja (verb) yang penting adalah linking verb, khususnya BE.</li> 	<li>Noun Clause dengan “that” sering menjadi objek dari verb (kata kerja), beberapa verb berikut ini biasanya mempunyai subjek yang menunjukkan manusia. Kata-kata tersebut terutama sekali adalah verb yang digunakan dalam Indirect Speech Berta verb yang menyatakan kegiatan mental.Kata Kerja Kalimat Tak Langsung admit, agree, allege, announce, argue, assert, assure, declare, aver, boast, claim, complain, confess, convince, deny, disagree, explain, foretell, hint, inform, insist, maintain, notify, persuade, pray, predict, proclaim, promise, relate, remark, remind, report, say, state, swear, teach, tell, threaten, warn Kata Kerja Aktivitas Mental acertain, assume, believe, calculate, care (untuk kalimat negative atau interrogative), conceive, conclude, consider, convince, decide, discover, doubt, dream, expect, fancy, feel, find out, forget, grant, guess, hear, hold (pendapat), hope, imagine, indicate, know, judge, learn, mean, mind (untuk kalimat negative atau interrogative), notice, perceive, presume, pretend, prove, question, realize, recall, reckon, recollect, reflect, regret, rejoice, remember, reveal, see, show, suppose, surmise, think, trust, understand, wish <ul> 	<li>Alex thinks that Mary is ill.</li> 	<li>Bob told me that he had finished breakfast.</li> 	<li>Henry says that Jack is very busy.</li> 	<li>He insists that there is a mistake.</li> 	<li>He complained to his friend that his wife couldn’t cook.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> 	<li>Dalam percakapan yang tidak resmi (informal) “that” sering dihilangkan dari objek Clause jika artinya (maksudnya) sudah jelas dapat dimengerti tanpa adanya “that”. <ul> 	<li>I am sorry (that) I couldn’t meet you at the station.</li> 	<li>He says (that) they plan to come to the dance.</li> 	<li>We thought (that) you had already left for abroad.</li> 	<li>The reason we returned so early is, (that) one of the children got sick.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> 	<li>Noun Clause dari question (pertanyaan) yang terletak sesudah verb yang memerlukan 2 objek mungkin berfungsi sebagai salah satu atau kedua objek dari verb tersebut. <ul> 	<li>Give the man (Indirect Object) what is in this envelope (Direct Object)</li> 	<li>Give what is in the envelope  to the man.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> 	<li>Noun Clause dari pertanyaan mungkin diawali dengan kata-kata tanya yang berfungsi sebagai: Pronouns, Adjectives, atau Adverbs. Kata-kata yang dipakai adalah: Pronoun = who (ever), what (ever(, which. (ever), Adjective = whose, what (ever), which (ever), Adverb = how (ever), when (ever), where (ever), why. <ul> 	<li>We don’t know who will be coming from the employment agency. (who adalah subjek dari will be coming)</li> 	<li>We don’t know whom the employment agency will send. (whom adalah objek dari will send)</li> 	<li>We will ask whoever comes from the employment agency. (whoever adalah subjek dari comes)</li> 	<li>We will ask whomever the employment agency sends. (whomever adalah objek dari sends)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> 	<li>Dalam Noun Clause dari pertanyaan, subjek dan verb mempunyai susunan yang umum, yakni terletak sesudah introductory word.</li> 	<li>Noun Clause dari permintaan dimulai dengan that- Clause ini paling sering merupakan objek dari verb yang menyatakan permintaan, saran, atau keinginan dan sebagainya. <ul> 	<li>He is requesting that a company car be placed at his disposal.</li> 	<li>The doctor recommended that he take a vacation.</li> 	<li>It was suggested that she leave immediately.</li> 	<li>It was proposed that the meeting be adjourned.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> 	<li>Kadang-kadang “that” yang merupakan kata permulaan Clause dapat digantikan dengan susunan infinitive setelah kata-kata kerja yang menunjukkan permintaan seperti advise, ask, beg, command, desire, forbid, order, request, require, argue.</li> 	<li>Subjek dari that-Clause sering dalam bentuk passive dari verbs of requesting dengan susunan anticipatory it.</li> </ul>

Noun Clause

Noun Clause adalah Clause yang digunakan sebagai pengganti noun atau berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda). Selain Noun Clause ini, sebenarny...

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Clause - An Introduction

Clauses adalah serangkaian kata yang mengandung subjek (pokok kalimat) dan predikat (sebutan kalimat). Dalam bahasa Inggris ada 2 macam Clauses, yaitu, Main Clauses (Induk Kalimat) dan Subordinate Clauses (Anak Kalimat). Perhatikan penjelasannya di bawah ini: <h3>Main Clause</h3> Main Clause (induk kalimat) disebut juga dengan Independent Clauses adalah serangkaian kata yang mengandung subjek dan predikat yang telah mempunyai pengertian sempurna (jelas), dan dapat berdiri sendiri, artinya tidak tergantung pada Clause yang lain. Contoh: <ul> 	<li>We study English.</li> 	<li>English is an international language.</li> 	<li>She has finished working.</li> </ul> <h3>Subordinate Clause</h3> Subordinate Clause (anak kalimat) disebut jugs dengan Dependent Clause, adalah serangkaian kata yang mengandung subjek dan predikat tetapi belum mempunyai pengertian yang sempurna, dan tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, artinya tergantung pads kata-kata yang lain (Main Clause). Contoh: <ul> 	<li>I will go if YOU go.</li> 	<li>She won’t come unless you invite her.</li> 	<li>I enjoy my job although I work long hours.</li> </ul> Berdasarkan fungsi (penggunaannya) Clauses diklasifikasikan menjadi 3 macam, yaitu: <ol> 	<li>NOUN CLAUSE</li> 	<li>ADJECTIVE CLAUSE</li> 	<li>ADVERBIAL CLAUSE</li> </ol>

Clause - An Introduction

Clauses adalah serangkaian kata yang mengandung subjek (pokok kalimat) dan predikat (sebutan kalimat). Dalam bahasa Inggris ada 2 macam Clau...

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Adverb Clause

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja. Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan “arti/maksud” dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya). <h2>Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause</h2> <h3>1. Clause of Time</h3> Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll. Contoh: <ul> 	<li>Shut the door before you go out. (Tutup pintunya sebelum kamu keluar rumah)</li> 	<li>You may begin when you are ready. (Kamu boleh memulainya kapanpun kamu siap)</li> 	<li>While he was walking home, he saw an accident. (Ketika dia sedang berjalan pulang, dia melihat kecelakaan)</li> 	<li>By the time I arrive, Alex will have left. (Saat saya tiba, Alex baru saja akan pergi)</li> 	<li>No sooner had she entered than Andy gave an order. (Tidak lama dia masuk Andi memerintahkannya)</li> </ul> <h3>2. Clause of Place</h3> Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll. Contoh: <ul> 	<li>They sat down wherever they could find empty seats. (Mereka duduk dimana pun ada kursi yang kosong)</li> 	<li>The guard stood where he was positioned. (Penjaga itu berdiri dimana dia ditugaskan)</li> 	<li>Where there is a will, there is a way. (Dimana ada kemauan, disitu pasti ada jalan)</li> 	<li>Go where you like. (Pergilah kemana saja kamu suka)</li> </ul> <h3>3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)</h3> Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll. Contoh: <ul> 	<li>As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard. (Ketika kamu sedang tidur, kami bekerja keras)</li> 	<li>Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on. (Mary ingin berhenti, sedangkan saya ingin lanjut)</li> 	<li>Although it is late, we’ll stay a little longer. (Walaupun sudah terlambat, kami akan tinggal sebentar lagi)</li> </ul> <h3>4. Clause of Manner</h3> Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll. Contoh: <ul> 	<li>He did as I told him. (Dia melakukan apa yang saya perintahkan)</li> 	<li>You may finish it how you like. (Kamu boleh menyelesaikannya dengan caramu)</li> 	<li>They may beat us again, like they did in 1978. (Mereka bisa mengalahkan kita lagi, seperti pada tahun 1978 yang lalu)</li> </ul> <h3>5. Clause of Purpose and Result</h3> Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll. Contoh: <ul> 	<li>They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.</li> 	<li>She bought a book so (that) she could learn English</li> 	<li>He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.</li> 	<li>I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.</li> </ul> <h3>6. Clause of Cause and Effect</h3> Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik. Contoh: <ul> 	<li>Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.</li> 	<li>It was so cold yesterday that I didn’t want to swim.</li> 	<li>The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.</li> 	<li>The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.</li> </ul> Contoh: <ul> 	<li>The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.</li> 	<li>I had so few job offers that it wasn’t difficult to select one.</li> </ul> Contoh: <ul> 	<li>He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.</li> 	<li>The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.</li> </ul> Contoh: <ul> 	<li>It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.</li> 	<li>It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down.</li> </ul> Contoh: <ul> 	<li>She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.</li> 	<li>They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.</li> 	<li>Perry has had such bad luck that he’s decided not to gamble.</li> 	<li>This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.</li> </ul> Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu: (1) Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll <ul> 	<li>Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)</li> 	<li>Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)</li> 	<li>Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)</li> </ul> (2) Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as <ul> 	<li>Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.</li> 	<li>Since he’s not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.</li> 	<li>As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.</li> 	<li>Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.</li> </ul> (3) Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently. <ul> 	<li>Alex failed the test because he didn’t study.</li> 	<li>Alex didn’t study. Therefore, he failed the test.</li> 	<li>Alex didn’t study. Consequently, he failed the test.</li> </ul> Catatan: Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara: <ul> 	<li>Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be). <ul> 	<li>ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.</li> 	<li>MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> 	<li>Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clauseitu menjadi bentuk -ing. <ul> 	<li>ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.</li> 	<li>MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama. Contoh: 1. DAPAT DIRUBAH <ul> 	<li>While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.</li> 	<li>While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.</li> 	<li>Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.</li> </ul> 2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH <ul> 	<li>While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.</li> 	<li>While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.</li> </ul> <h3>7. Clause of Condition</h3> Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll. Contoh: <ul> 	<li>If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.</li> 	<li>She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.</li> 	<li>Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.</li> 	<li>In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.</li> 	<li>The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.</li> 	<li>We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.</li> </ul>

Adverb Clause

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja. Adverbial Clause biasanya dikl...

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Referensi Bahasa Inggris Lengkap

Noun Clause

Clause - An Introduction

Adverb Clause

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